What to Sow in Summer for a Delicious Fall Garden: Plant it Now, Enjoy it Later

If you’re wondering what you can plant during summer for a productive fall harvest, you’re not alone—and the good news is, you have more options than you might think. In many parts of the U.S., fall gardening can actually be easier than spring. The soil is warm, many pests are past their peak, and quick-growing crops like greens, roots, and brassicas thrive in the cooling temperatures. Whether your spring garden was a bust or you just want more fresh food later in the year, summer is your second chance!

How to Use a Zone Map in Your Fall Garden

A zone map is a helpful tool for deciding what to plant and when, especially as you plan your fall garden. It divides the country into numbered zones based on the average lowest winter temperatures in each area. These USDA Hardiness Zones—ranging from Zone 1 in the far north to Zone 13 in the warmest southern regions—help gardeners choose plants that can survive their local winters.

To use the map, simply find your location and note your zone number. Then, when selecting seeds, choose varieties that are well-suited for your zone. This ensures your fall garden has the best chance to grow strong and produce a steady harvest before winter sets in. Use the zone map below as a quick reference when picking out what to grow. Read More at USDA.

Below you’ll find the best crops to plant in midsummer for a fall garden, organized by type, with recommended heirloom varieties from St. Clare Heirloom Seeds. At the end, we’ll also cover what not to plant, how to plan by region, and what challenges you might face—and how to beat them.

Quick Growing Greens

Fall is a wonderful time for quick growing greens—they grow quickly, enjoy cooler temperatures, and often taste even better after a light frost. A well-planned fall garden can provide steady harvests, but watch for bolting if hot weather lingers, and be sure to water consistently to prevent bitterness. These quick growing greens are ideal for gardeners who want a fast and rewarding harvest, especially when tended carefully through shifting conditions. Watch for pests like aphids or flea beetles, and keep soil moist but not soggy to avoid stress. If a sudden cold snap is expected, a floating row cover can help shield young plants and extend the harvest window.

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Lettuce:

Lettuce is one of the most rewarding fall garden greens—cooler weather enhances flavor, slows bolting, and reduces pest pressure. Early fall varieties should be heat-tolerant and bolt-resistant, while late fall types should withstand frost and thrive in cooling conditions. Plant in successions for steady harvests.

Zones 7–10 (Warm Fall, Long Season)
Warm days and cool nights make this an ideal region for extended fall lettuce harvests. Choose bolt-resistant types for early sowings and frost-tolerant types for late fall.

Black-Seeded Simpson – Loose-leaf; quick to mature and reliable in warmth. Plant 7–9 weeks before your first frost.
Simpson Elite – Loose-leaf; improved Black-Seeded Simpson with even more bolt resistance. Plant 7–9 weeks before your first frost.
Green Oakleaf – Loose-leaf; rarely turns bitter, stays mild in heat. Plant 6–9 weeks before your first frost.
Parris Island COS – Romaine; bred for heat and humidity, stays crisp and upright. Plant 8–10 weeks before your first frost.
Buttercrunch – Butterhead; cool-season classic with rich flavor and frost tolerance. Plant 7–10 weeks before your first frost.
Prizehead – Loose-leaf; frilly, mild-flavored, and heat-tolerant. Plant 8–10 weeks before your first frost.
Cimmaron – Red romaine; hardy and decorative, holds well in cold. Plant 8–10 weeks before your first frost.

Zones 5–6 (Moderate Fall, Some Frost)
Fall lettuce grows well here with proper timing. Use heat-tolerant varieties in early fall, switching to cold-hardy types in late fall.

• Simpson Elite – Loose-leaf; improved Black-Seeded Simpson with even more bolt resistance. Plant 7–9 weeks before your first frost.
• Buttercrunch – Butterhead; cool-season classic with rich flavor and frost tolerance. Plant 7–10 weeks before your first frost.
• Parris Island COS – Romaine; bred for heat and humidity, stays crisp and upright. Plant 8–10 weeks before your first frost.
• Cimmaron – Red romaine; hardy and decorative, holds well in cold. Plant 8–10 weeks before your first frost.
• Amish Deer Tongue – Loose-leaf; fast-growing and adaptable to chill. Plant 7–8 weeks before your first frost.
• Great Lakes 118 – Crisphead; very cold-hardy, heads up well into fall. Plant 10–12 weeks before your first frost.

Zones 3–4 (Short Season, Early Frost)

Start early with fast-growing types. Protect with row covers or cold frames to extend the harvest.

• Black-Seeded Simpson – Loose-leaf; quick to mature and reliable in warmth. Plant 7–9 weeks before your first frost.
• Buttercrunch – Butterhead; cool-season classic with rich flavor and frost tolerance. Plant 7–10 weeks before your first frost.
• Amish Deer Tongue – Loose-leaf; fast-growing and adaptable to chill. Plant 7–8 weeks before your first frost.
• Great Lakes 118 – Crisphead; very cold-hardy, heads up well into fall. Plant 10–12 weeks before your first frost.

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Spinach:

Whether you’re gardening in a mild or chilly region, spinach is one of the best quick growing greens for a fall garden. It thrives in cool weather, resists light frost, and can be harvested at baby or full-leaf stage. The varieties below are excellent for sowing in late summer or early fall, depending on your zone.

• Bloomsdale Long Standing – Savoyed spinach; tender and sweet with deep green, crinkled leaves. Known for excellent cold tolerance and slow bolting. Plant 6–7 weeks before your first frost.
• Giant Noble – Smooth-leaf spinach; broad, tender leaves with mild flavor. Excels in cool conditions and handles light frosts well. Plant 6–7 weeks before your first frost.

Arugula:

Whether you’re planting in mild or cool fall conditions, arugula is one of the most reliable quick growing greens that matures quickly and tolerates light frost. Its spicy flavor adds zest to salads and cooked dishes alike. The varieties below are well-suited to fall garden planting and thrive when sown from late summer through mid-fall, depending on your region.

• Astro Arugula – Mild-flavored arugula with broad, flat leaves. Grows quickly (matures in 38–52 days; ready for baby greens in just 21 days!) and tolerates light frosts, making it an excellent choice for early to mid-fall sowings. Plant 4–6 weeks before your first frost.
• Arugula Roquette – Traditional arugula with deeply lobed, peppery leaves. Very fast to mature (ready in about 50–55 days; baby greens in 20–28 days) and well-suited for succession planting in cool fall weather. Tolerates light frost. Plant 3–7 weeks before your first frost.

Mustard Greens:

Whether you live in a mild or cold climate, mustard greens can thrive well into fall. These quick growing greens offer varying degrees of spice and are among the first to mature in cool weather. A great addition to any fall garden, the varieties below are ideal for planting in late summer or early fall.

• Florida Broadleaf – Large, smooth, mild-flavored leaves that tolerate heat and frost well. Matures in about 45 days. Plant 6–7 weeks before your first frost.
• Green Wave – Ruffled leaves with moderate spice. Very slow to bolt and winter hardy. Matures in 45 days. Plant 6–7 weeks before your first frost.
• Giant Southern Curl – Frilly, tender leaves with classic mustard flavor. Cooks down well. Matures in 45 days. Plant 6–7 weeks before your first frost.
• Tendergreen – Smooth, glossy leaves with a mild, almost sweet taste. Grows quickly, matures in about 40 days. Plant 6–7 weeks before your first frost.

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Cold Loving Brassicas

These hardy crops love the cool, steady temperatures of fall and often develop richer flavor after a frost. Cold Loving Brassicas like broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower are staples of the fall garden, and most do best when started in late summer. Keep an eye out for cabbage worms and aphids—floating row covers can help keep pests at bay while plants are young. Provide consistent moisture and consider mulching to help regulate soil temperature. As temperatures drop, growth may slow, but flavor and sweetness often improve. If hard frosts are expected, harvest mature heads early or use temporary covers to protect more sensitive Cold Loving Brassicas like cauliflower.

Kale:

Whether you live in a mild or frigid climate, there’s a kale variety that will carry your fall garden into late fall or even early winter. The varieties below are grouped by their proven performance in different USDA zones, based on cold tolerance and maturity speed.

Zones 7–10 (Mild Fall, Light Frosts) These regions can grow almost any kale, but quicker-maturing or heat-tolerant types do best when planted in early to mid-fall.

• Red Russian – Hardy to around 10°F (-12°C) with protection; very frost-tolerant and sweetens after repeated cold. Fast to mature (50 – 55 days). Plant 7–9 weeks before your first frost.
• Lacinato – Strong frost resistance, good heat tolerance; rich, earthy flavor. (30 to baby, 65 to full size) Plant 4–10 weeks before your first frost.

Zones 5–6 (Cold Fall, Moderate to Hard Frosts) Choose varieties for your fall garden that mature quickly and withstand multiple frosts without damage.

• Vates Dwarf Blue Curled – Withstands hard frost and snow cover. Great overwintering type. (50 – 55 days to maturity) Plant 7–9 weeks before your first frost.
• Scotch Blue Curled – Similar to above; cold-resistant and compact. 53–65 days. Plant 7–10 weeks before your first frost.
• Red Russian – Hardy to around 10°F (-12°C) with protection; very frost-tolerant and sweetens after repeated cold. Fast to mature (50 – 55 days). Plant 7–9 weeks before your first frost.

Zones 3–4 (Short Season, Early Frosts) These zones demand the hardiest kale types. Use row covers or mulch for best results.

• Siberian – One of the most cold-hardy kales. Mild flavor, tolerates dips below 25°F. (50 – 65 days) Plant 7–10 weeks before your first frost.
• Vates Dwarf Blue Curled – Withstands hard frost and snow cover. Great overwintering type. (50 – 55 days to maturity) Plant 7–9 weeks before your first frost.
• Red Russian – Hardy to around 10°F (-12°C) with protection; very frost-tolerant and sweetens after repeated cold. Fast to mature (50 – 55 days). Plant 7–9 weeks before your first frost.

Cabbage:

Whether you live in a mild or frigid climate, there’s a cabbage variety that will carry your fall garden into late fall or even early winter. The varieties below are grouped by their proven performance in different USDA zones, based on cold tolerance and maturity speed.

Zones 7–10 (Mild Fall, Light Frosts) These regions can grow almost any cabbage, but quicker-maturing or heat-tolerant types do best when planted in early to mid-fall, especially those that store well.

• Copenhagen Market Cabbage – Tolerates frost, resists splitting, and stores well for up to six months. Its compact size and dependable yields make it a favorite. (60–75 days to maturity).
• Danish Ballhead Cabbage – A dependable choice for fall gardens, best suited to cool climates, and stores exceptionally well through winter. (60–75 days to maturity).
• Early Round Dutch Cabbage – A reliable heirloom that performs well in both hot and cool climates, resists bolting, and stores well. (70–75 days to maturity).
• Late Flat Dutch Cabbage – Ideal for large yields, it thrives in cool weather and fall gardens, storing exceptionally well for months. (95–110 days to maturity).
• Mammoth Red Rock – Its flavor improves with cooler temperatures, making it excellent for fall planting. This hardy variety keeps very well in storage for winter use. (90–100 days to maturity).
• Pak Choi White Stem Chinese Cabbage – A fast-growing and frost-tolerant option for quick fall harvests, perfect for stir-fries and salads. (45–50 days to maturity).

Zones 5–6 (Cold Fall, Moderate to Hard Frosts) Choose mid-season types that mature before hard freezes and tolerate cool nights. Some light frost improves flavor. First frost in Zones 5–6 typically arrives between early and mid-October, so plan your planting window accordingly.

• Copenhagen Market Cabbage – Reliably tolerates frost and offers good storage, making it a solid choice for dependable fall yields. (60–75 days to maturity).
• Danish Ballhead Cabbage – A robust heirloom that thrives in cool climates and stores excellently through the winter, proving very dependable for fall gardens. (60–75 days to maturity).
• Late Flat Dutch Cabbage – Specifically recommended for cool weather and fall gardens, known for its massive heads and exceptional storage capabilities through the colder months. (95–110 days to maturity).
• Mammoth Red Rock Cabbage – Its quality improves with cooler temperatures, and its hardiness combined with excellent storage makes it an ideal fall choice for winter use. (90–100 days to maturity).
• Red Acre Cabbage – A compact and dependable heirloom that stores exceptionally well, ensuring a good supply through winter. (90–92 days to maturity).
• Savoy Perfection Cabbage – This cold-hardy heirloom tolerates frost down to 15°F and thrives in cool weather, making it a highly reliable option for moderate to hard frost regions. (90–92 days to maturity).

Zones 3–4 (Short Season, Early Frosts) These zones require especially hardy cabbage varieties that mature quickly or tolerate deep cold. Quick growers offer the best chance at a successful fall garden harvest. To protect young plants from early frosts—often arriving between mid-September and early October—use row covers or mulch and time your fall garden planting carefully.

• Golden Acre Cabbage – Small, quick heads mature in just 62–65 days. Ideal for early fall harvest. Plant 8–9 weeks before frost.
• Early Jersey Wakefield Cabbage– Fast and reliable, even in northern climates. 60–75 days. Plant 8–9 weeks before frost.
• Pak Choi White Stem Chinese Cabbage – Fast-growing and cold-hardy. Great fall crop with some frost protection. 45–60 days. Plant 6–8 weeks before frost.
• Nikita (Napa cabbage) – Matures in 70–85 days. Best in Zone 4 with protection. Plant 8–10 weeks before frost.
• Red Acre Cabbage – Cold-tolerant red cabbage, matures in about 90 days. May need row cover. Plant 10–12 weeks before frost.
• Early Round Dutch Cabbage – Strong performer in northern gardens. 70–85 days. Plant 9–11 weeks before frost.

Broccoli:

Broccoli is a cool-season staple that thrives in fall gardens across a wide range of climates. Many varieties perform better in fall than spring, producing sweeter heads as temperatures drop. Below are broccoli types grouped by USDA zones, with recommended planting notes based on cold tolerance and maturity speed.

Zones 7–10 (Mild Fall, Light Frosts)

These regions can grow nearly all broccoli types in fall, especially compact or heat-tolerant varieties. Some varieties may even overwinter and resume growth in spring.

• DeCicco Broccoli – Compact Italian heirloom with a long harvest window and sweet, nutty flavor. Produces 3–4″ heads followed by abundant side shoots. (48–85 days to maturity) Plant 8–10 weeks before frost.
• Green Sprouting Calabrese – Hardy Italian heirloom that produces 5–8″ main heads and weeks of side shoots. Excellent for stir-fries and freezing. (70–90 days to maturity) Plant 9–10 weeks before frost.
• Purple Sprouting Broccoli – English heirloom bred for overwintering. Produces violet-purple shoots in early spring. Requires protection below 10°F. (180–220 days from transplant) Plant in fall for spring harvest.
• Romanesco Broccoli – Vivid lime-green, spiral-headed Italian heirloom with creamy, nutty flavor. Thrives in cool weather but also tolerates mild heat. (75–100 days to maturity) Plant 10–12 weeks before frost.

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Zones 5–6 (Cold Fall, Moderate to Hard Frosts)

Choose mid-season types that mature before hard freezes and tolerate cool nights. Some frost improves broccoli’s flavor and tenderness.

• DeCicco Broccoli – Excellent for fall harvests. Early maturing and cold-tolerant. Produces over an extended period. (48–85 days to maturity) Plant 9–11 weeks before frost.
• Green Sprouting Calabrese – Tall, upright plants with multiple harvests. Slightly earthy flavor and strong frost resistance. (70–90 days to maturity) Plant 10–12 weeks before frost.
• Waltham 29 Broccoli – Developed for cool climates. Produces 4–8″ heads with side shoots. Reliable and uniform, it’s especially suited to fall gardening. (74–85 days to maturity) Plant 10–11 weeks before frost.
• Romanesco Broccoli – Cool-weather favorite with sculpted heads and excellent flavor. Prefers consistent temperatures. (75–100 days to maturity) Plant 10–12 weeks before frost and protect if needed.

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Zones 3–4 (Short Season, Early Frosts)

Northern growers should choose faster-maturing, compact varieties. Start seeds indoors and transplant as early as possible in mid to late summer. Use row covers for frost protection.

• DeCicco Broccoli – Quick to mature and produces multiple flushes. Good for short seasons and colder zones. (48–85 days to maturity) Plant 10–12 weeks before frost.
• Waltham 29 Broccoli – Bred for cold climates. Excellent uniformity and reliable harvests make it a top fall choice. (74–85 days to maturity) Plant 10–12 weeks before frost.
• Green Sprouting Calabrese – Longer season but manageable in Zone 4 with early transplants. Use protection if frost comes early. (70–90 days to maturity) Plant 11–12 weeks before frost.

Cauliflower:

Fall is one of the best times to grow cauliflower, as it prefers the steady cool temperatures and shorter days of autumn. Heads are often tighter and sweeter when grown in fall, and many varieties are self-blanching or cold-tolerant. Below are varieties grouped by USDA zones based on maturity, flavor, and performance in fall gardens

Zones 7–10 (Mild Fall, Light Frosts)

These zones allow for fall crops of nearly all cauliflower types, especially quick-maturing or self-blanching varieties. Steady weather and light frosts produce high-quality heads.

• Early Snowball A Cauliflower – Classic white heads are smooth, 6–7″ wide, and weigh up to 2 pounds. Must be harvested promptly for best quality. (52 days to maturity) Plant 7–8 weeks before frost
• Snowball Self-Blanching Cauliflower – Compact, uniform heads 6–8″ across. Outer leaves wrap tightly around the head to protect against sun and discoloration. (65 days to maturity) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Snowball Y Improved Cauliflower – Produces snow-white, dense heads with silvery-green leaves that curl around the crown. Very uniform and reliable. (68 days to maturity) Plant 9 weeks before frost
• Violetta Italia Cauliflower – Large Italian heirloom with purple heads that turn green when cooked. Mild, broccoli-like flavor and vigorous growth. (85 days to maturity) Plant 10–11 weeks before frost
• Romanesco Broccoli (A.K.A. Roman Cauliflower) – Italian heirloom with vivid lime-green spiral heads and rich flavor. Performs well in fall and stores beautifully. (75–100 days to maturity) Plant 10–12 weeks before frost

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Zones 5–6 (Cold Fall, Moderate to Hard Frosts)

Choose varieties that mature within 55–85 days and can tolerate cooler nights. Some light frost improves the texture and sweetness of heads.

• Early Snowball A Cauliflower – Dependable early harvest with smooth, medium-sized heads. Well-suited to shorter fall seasons. (52 days to maturity) Plant 7–8 weeks before frost
• Snowball Self-Blanching Cauliflower – Outer leaves help protect the head in cold weather. Produces uniform results in cool climates. (65 days to maturity) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Snowball Y Improved Cauliflower – Silvery self-blanching leaves help preserve color and flavor in variable fall conditions. Heads grow 5–6″ across. (68 days to maturity) Plant 9 weeks before frost
• Violetta Italia Cauliflower – Large purple heads with excellent flavor. Performs well with steady cool temperatures and light frost. (85 days to maturity) Plant 10–11 weeks before frost
• Romanesco Broccoli – Italian heirloom with sculpted spiral heads. Prefers consistent fall weather and thrives in cooler temperatures. (75–100 days to maturity) Plant 10–12 weeks before frost

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Zones 3–4 (Short Season, Early Frosts)

Cool, short-season areas benefit from faster-maturing, self-blanching cauliflower varieties. Choose types that develop dense heads quickly and protect them from early frost with row covers.

• Early Snowball A Cauliflower – One of the fastest-maturing varieties available. Smooth, compact heads make it a reliable choice for short seasons. (52 days to maturity) Plant 8 weeks before frost
• Snowball Self-Blanching Cauliflower – Wraps its own leaves to protect heads from frost and sun. Good structure and uniformity in colder climates. (65 days to maturity) Plant 9 weeks before frost
• Snowball Y Improved Cauliflower – Dense, reliable white heads that mature in time for fall harvests even in colder zones. (68 days to maturity) Plant 9–10 weeks before frost

What are your thoughts? Drop a comment below!

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Hardy Root Crops

Root vegetables love fall’s cooler weather and often become sweeter as temperatures drop. These hardy root crops are also perfect for storing over winter and make an excellent addition to any fall garden. For best results, keep the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged—dry spells followed by heavy watering can cause cracking. Watch for pests like root maggots, especially in moist soil. Adding a layer of mulch helps regulate moisture and keeps soil temperatures stable as the season changes. A well-tended fall garden filled with root crops can offer rich rewards, but be sure to harvest before a hard freeze in colder climates, since frozen roots can rot quickly once thawed.

Carrots:

Carrots are a classic fall crop—flavor improves with cool weather, and most varieties tolerate light frosts. In warmer zones, they can be sown well into fall; in colder areas, they should be planted in late summer to mature before hard freezes. The varieties below are grouped by USDA zone based on maturity time, hardiness, and performance in fall conditions.

Zones 7–10 (Mild Fall, Light Frosts)

These regions offer extended fall growing windows, allowing you to grow nearly any carrot variety. Choose storage types or those that mature within 75 days for best results.

• Danvers 126 Carrot – Excellent for fall crops and heavier soils. Reliable, sweet, and smooth-rooted. (65–75 days) Plant 9–10 weeks before frost
• Scarlet Nantes – Popular fall crop with sweet flavor and strong storage qualities. (65–75 days) Plant 8–10 weeks before frost
• Chantenay Red Core – Broad-shouldered roots thrive in heavy soils and cool temps. Stores well. (65–75 days) Plant 8–10 weeks before frost
• Imperator 58 – Long roots, high yields, and strong storage. Performs well in fall gardens. (70–75 days) Plant 10 weeks before frost
• Black Nebula – Dark purple carrot with health-boosting anthocyanins. Can be harvested early. (75–80 days) Plant 10–11 weeks before frost
• Little Finger – Quick-growing and compact. Great for containers or raised beds. (50–70 days) Plant 6–9 weeks before frost
• Parisian – Round, fast-maturing carrots ideal for poor soil and containers. (55–65 days) Plant 6–8 weeks before frost

Zones 5–6 (Cold Fall, Moderate to Hard Frosts)
Choose mid-season types that mature before hard freezes and tolerate cool nights. Some light frost improves flavor. First frost in Zones 5–6 typically arrives between early and mid-October, so plan your planting window accordingly.

• Danvers 126 Carrot – Classic for fall. Deep roots, strong tops, and good cold tolerance. (65–75 days)
  Plant 9–10 weeks before frost
• Scarlet Nantes – Sweetens with frost and resists cracking. Performs well in cold soils. (65–75 days)
  Plant 9–10 weeks before frost
• Imperator 58 – Best planted early to mature before deep freezes. Great storage. (70–75 days)
  Plant 10–11 weeks before frost
• Cosmic Purple – Specifically noted for fall planting. Quick to mature and brightly colored. (60–70 days)
  Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Parisian – Small, quick carrots that finish before frost. (55–65 days)
  Plant 7–8 weeks before frost
• Little Finger – Early maturing and cold-tolerant. Ideal for quick fall crops. (50–70 days)
  Plant 6–9 weeks before frost
• TenderSweet – Tapered, sweet roots do well in cool weather. Noted for crisp texture. (65–75 days)
  Plant 9–10 weeks before frost

Zones 3–4 (Short Season, Early Frosts)
These zones require especially hardy carrot varieties that mature quickly or tolerate deep cold. Quick growers offer the best chance at a successful fall garden harvest. To protect young plants from early frosts—often arriving between mid-September and early October—use row covers or mulch and time your fall garden planting carefully.

• Cosmic Purple – Known to perform well in fall. Quick-growing and colorful. (60–70 days)
  Plant 9–10 weeks before frost
• Parisian – Very fast to mature; does well in shallow soils. (55–65 days)
  Plant 7–9 weeks before frost
• Little Finger – Quick-growing, cold-hardy variety ideal for tight windows. (50–70 days)
  Plant 6–9 weeks before frost
• Danvers 126 – Reliable in tough conditions. Needs early sowing to mature before hard frost. (65–75 days)
  Plant 10–11 weeks before frost
• Scarlet Nantes – Time-tested and reliable for cold climates. Sweetens with frost. (65–75 days)
  Plant 9–11 weeks before frost

Beets: Grow quickly and can tolerate early frosts.

Beets thrive in fall gardens, producing sweeter roots and more tender greens in cool weather. Whether you’re growing for fresh eating, pickling, or storage, many heirloom varieties perform best when planted in mid to late summer. The varieties below are grouped by USDA zones, with recommended planting times based on maturity speed and hardiness.

Zones 7–10 (Mild Fall, Light Frosts)

Beets grow exceptionally well in mild fall climates, where cooler nights bring out their sweetness. Most varieties perform beautifully when planted through late summer.

• Bull’s Blood Beet – A striking French heirloom known for its deep reddish-purple leaves and tender, slightly flattened roots. Excellent fresh or pickled, and nutrient-rich. (35 days for young leaves, 60 days for roots) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Chioggia Beet (A.K.A. Bull’s Eye and Candystripe) – Italian heirloom with red-and-white bull’s-eye rings. Mild, sweet flavor, great sliced raw or pickled. A market favorite. (60 days to maturity) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Crosby’s Egyptian Beet (A.K.A. Early Crosby Egyptian) – Flattened roots with rich, dark red interiors. Early maturing and great for roasting or storing. (55–60 days to maturity) Plant 8 weeks before frost
• Cylindra Beet (A.K.A. Butter Slicer, Formanova) – Long, uniform roots up to 8″ make slicing and storage easy. Great for roasting or juicing. (55–65 days to maturity) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Detroit Dark Red Beet – Smooth, uniform roots with excellent texture and color. A dependable heirloom for roasting, pickling, or fresh use. (55–65 days to maturity) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Early Wonder Tall Top Beet (A.K.A. Early Wonder, Boston Crosby, Nuttings Gem) – Reliable for greens and early roots. Vigorous and adaptable. (35 days baby leaf, 50–60 days roots) Plant 7–9 weeks before frost
• Golden Detroit Beet – Round roots with orange flesh that turns buttery gold when cooked. Tender, mellow flavor and good storage quality. (55–60 days to maturity) Plant 8 weeks before frost
• Ruby Queen Beet – AAS-winning heirloom with sweet, early roots. Great for small gardens and tight spaces. (52–60 days to maturity) Plant 8 weeks before frost

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Zones 5–6 (Cold Fall, Moderate to Hard Frosts)

Beets in these zones should be planted early enough to size up before frost. Choose faster maturing types that hold up well in cool, shorter days.

• Bull’s Blood Beet – Grown for its leaves or roots. Holds color well and adds nutrition to salads or storage bins. (35 days for young leaves, 60 days for roots) Plant 9 weeks before frost
• Chioggia Beet – Striking color and mild flavor make it ideal for salads and fresh slicing. (60 days to maturity) Plant 9 weeks before frost
• Crosby’s Egyptian Beet – Compact plants with flattened roots. Early and dependable in fall conditions. (55–60 days to maturity) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Cylindra Beet – Cylindrical shape makes harvesting and slicing easy. A good choice for small gardens. (55–65 days to maturity) Plant 9 weeks before frost
• Detroit Dark Red Beet – Excellent for fresh or preserved use. Holds quality even in variable fall weather. (55–65 days to maturity) Plant 9 weeks before frost
• Early Wonder Tall Top Beet – Fast-growing and reliable for both greens and roots. Great for cooler soils. (35 days baby leaf, 50–60 days roots) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Golden Detroit Beet – Beautiful color and mild flavor. Ideal for roasting or fresh salads. (55–60 days to maturity) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Ruby Queen Beet – Early and uniform with sweet flavor. Performs well in fall even in tight planting spaces. (52–60 days to maturity) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost

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Zones 3–4 (Short Season, Early Frosts)

Choose quick-maturing varieties for the best fall beet harvests in cold regions. Plant early and use row covers to protect roots during sudden frosts.

• Bull’s Blood Beet – Excellent for leaf harvests or small roots. Bold flavor and attractive color. (35 days for leaves, 60 days for roots) Plant 9–10 weeks before frost
• Chioggia Beet – Unique rings and sweet flavor. Roots mature quickly enough for northern fall gardens. (60 days to maturity) Plant 9–10 weeks before frost
• Crosby’s Egyptian Beet – Reliable early variety for short seasons. (55–60 days to maturity) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Early Wonder Tall Top Beet – Fast growth and early baby greens make it ideal for tight windows. (35 days baby leaf, 50–60 days roots) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Ruby Queen Beet – Early maturity and compact growth make it a strong performer in cooler climates. (52–60 days to maturity) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost

Turnips:

Turnips are a classic fall crop, valued for both roots and greens. Cooler temperatures enhance their flavor and texture, especially in short-season gardens. The varieties below are grouped by USDA zones, with planting time suggestions based on maturity days and performance in fall conditions.

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Zones 7–10 (Mild Fall, Light Frosts)

Mild fall climates are ideal for turnips. These quick growers thrive in cool soil, producing sweet roots and lush greens. Sow directly into garden beds from late summer into early fall.

• Golden Ball Turnip – Golden yellow flesh that is sweet, tender, and flavorful. Produces a 3″ to 4″ diameter bulb that tastes more like a Rutabaga than a turnip. (38–70 days) Plant 7–9 weeks before frost
• Purple Top White Globe Turnip – Large smooth globular root 3″ to 4″ in diameter with a white bottom and purplish top. Flesh is white, tender, and crisp. (50 days) Plant 7–8 weeks before frost
• Seven Tops Turnip – An outstanding early variety for bunching. White, sweet, crisp-tender, and mild greens. Roots are smooth and nearly round. (45 days) Plant 6–7 weeks before frost
• Shogoin Turnip – Dual-purpose variety grown for tops and large globe-shaped roots about 5″ across. Used commercially for greens. (55 days) Plant 7–8 weeks before frost
• White Egg Turnip– Outstanding early variety for bunching. Flesh is white, sweet, crisp, tender, and mild. (50 days) Plant 7–8 weeks before frost

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Zones 5–6 (Cold Fall, Moderate to Hard Frosts)

Fall is an excellent season for turnips in cooler zones. Choose quick growers that develop before the ground freezes. They also improve in flavor after a light frost.

• Golden Ball Turnip – Golden Ball Open Pollinated Turnip has golden yellow flesh that is sweet, tender, and flavorful. Golden Ball produces a 3″ to 4″ diameter bulb that tastes more like a Rutabaga than a turnip. (38–70 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Purple Top White Globe Turnip – Purple Top White Globe Open Pollinated Turnip produces a large smooth globular root 3″ to 4″ in diameter with a white bottom and purplish top. Flesh is white, tender, and crisp. (50 days) Plant 8 weeks before frost
• Seven Tops Turnip – Seven Tops Open Pollinated Turnip is an outstanding early variety for bunching. It produces sweet, crisp-tender, and mild greens. Roots are nearly round, smooth, and snow white. (45 days) Plant 7 weeks before frost
• Shogoin Turnip – Shogoin Open Pollinated Turnips are a dual-purpose turnip grown for tops and large roots. White globe-shaped roots grow about 5″ across. Shogoin turnips are used commercially for greens. (55 days) Plant 8 weeks before frost
• White Egg Turnip – White Egg Open Pollinated Turnip is an outstanding early variety for bunching. Roots are snow white, and the flesh is white, sweet, crisp, tender, and mild. (50 days) Plant 8 weeks before frost

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Zones 3–4 (Short Season, Early Frosts)

Select fast-maturing turnips and sow as soon as summer heat breaks. Turnips tolerate frost well, and light freezes enhance their sweetness. Row covers may extend the harvest window.

• Golden Ball Turnip – Golden Ball Open Pollinated Turnip has golden yellow flesh that is sweet, tender, and flavorful. Golden Ball produces a 3″ to 4″ diameter bulb that tastes more like a Rutabaga than a turnip. (38–70 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Purple Top White Globe Turnip – Purple Top White Globe Open Pollinated Turnip produces a large smooth globular root 3″ to 4″ in diameter with a white bottom and purplish top. Flesh is white, tender, and crisp. (50 days) Plant 8 weeks before frost
• Seven Tops Turnip – Seven Tops Open Pollinated Turnip is an outstanding early variety for bunching. It produces sweet, crisp-tender, and mild greens. Roots are nearly round, smooth, and snow white. (45 days) Plant 7 weeks before frost
• Shogoin Turnip – Shogoin Open Pollinated Turnips are a dual-purpose turnip grown for tops and large roots. White globe-shaped roots grow about 5″ across. Shogoin turnips are used commercially for greens. (55 days) Plant 8 weeks before frost
• White Egg Turnip – White Egg Open Pollinated Turnip is an outstanding early variety for bunching. Roots are snow white, and the flesh is white, sweet, crisp, tender, and mild. (50 days) Plant 8 weeks before frost

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Radishes:

Radishes are one of the easiest and fastest crops for fall planting. Cool weather brings out their best flavor and crispness, and most mature in under a month. Many heirloom varieties also tolerate light frost and resist cracking in chilly soils. Below are top selections for fall planting, organized by USDA zones.

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Zones 7–10 (Mild Fall, Light Frosts)

Fall radishes thrive in mild climates with cool nights and warm days. Sow successively for continuous harvests until first frost.

• Black Spanish Radish – Black Spanish Open Pollinated Radish has black skin with a crisp white flesh. Black Spanish tolerates cool weather and stores well. (60 days) Plant 9–10 weeks before frost
• Champion Radish – Champion has a round scarlet red root that grows to a good size with flesh that is firm, crisp and white. Excellent for early or late sowings. (28 days) Plant 5–6 weeks before frost
• Cherry Belle Radish – Cherry Belle has round globe-shaped roots that are bright red in color. Flesh is crisp, firm and white. (21 days) Plant 4–5 weeks before frost
• China Rose Radish – China Rose has rose-colored skin with flesh that is mild, sweet and crisp. (52 days) Plant 7–8 weeks before frost
• Crimson Giant Radish – Crimson Giant has roots that measure 1″ to 1.5″ long. Roots are red with crisp, firm, and white flesh. (30 days) Plant 5–6 weeks before frost
• Early Scarlet Globe Radish – Early Scarlet Globe has round to globe-shaped roots that are bright red in color. (23 days)
  Plant 4–5 weeks before frost
• Easter Egg Radish – A multicolored radish blend that adds beautiful color to salads and dishes. Has red, pink, purple, and white colors with crisp, firm and white flesh. (28 days) Plant 5–6 weeks before frost
• French Breakfast Radish – Scarlet-colored root with a white tip that is oblong in shape. Roots grow to ¾″ wide and 2″ to 3″ long. (24 days) Plant 4–5 weeks before frost
• German Giant Radish – Grows to the size of a baseball. Bright red and remains crisp with no cracking. (29 days)
  Plant 5–6 weeks before frost
• Watermelon Radish – White-skinned with green shoulders. Flesh is red to pink and very sweet & crisp. (60 days)
  Plant 9–10 weeks before frost
• White Icicle Radish – Slender roots that are 4″ to 5″ long. Skin is white, crisp and tender. (30 days)
  Plant 5–6 weeks before frost

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Zones 5–6 (Cold Fall, Moderate to Hard Frosts)

Quick-maturing radishes are perfect for fall planting in cooler zones. Even slower types can succeed if planted early. Roots remain crisp in cool soil and often taste better after a light frost.

• Black Spanish Radish – Black Spanish Open Pollinated Radish has black skin with a crisp white flesh. Black Spanish tolerates cool weather and stores well. (60 days) Plant 9–10 weeks before frost
• Champion Radish – Champion has a round scarlet red root that grows to a good size with flesh that is firm, crisp and white. Excellent for early or late sowings. (28 days) Plant 5–6 weeks before frost
• Cherry Belle Radish – Cherry Belle has round globe-shaped roots that are bright red in color. Flesh is crisp, firm and white. (21 days) Plant 4–5 weeks before frost
• China Rose Radish – China Rose has rose-colored skin with flesh that is mild, sweet and crisp. (52 days) Plant 7–8 weeks before frost
• Crimson Giant Radish – Crimson Giant has roots that measure 1″ to 1.5″ long. Roots are red with crisp, firm, and white flesh. (30 days) Plant 5–6 weeks before frost
• Early Scarlet Globe Radish – Early Scarlet Globe has round to globe-shaped roots that are bright red in color. (23 days)
  Plant 4–5 weeks before frost
• Easter Egg Radish – A multicolored radish blend that adds beautiful color to salads and dishes. Has red, pink, purple, and white colors with crisp, firm and white flesh. (28 days) Plant 5–6 weeks before frost
• French Breakfast Radish – Scarlet-colored root with a white tip that is oblong in shape. Roots grow to ¾″ wide and 2″ to 3″ long. (24 days) Plant 4–5 weeks before frost
• German Giant Radish – Grows to the size of a baseball. Bright red and remains crisp with no cracking. (29 days)
  Plant 5–6 weeks before frost
• Watermelon Radish – White-skinned with green shoulders. Flesh is red to pink and very sweet & crisp. (60 days)
  Plant 9–10 weeks before frost
• White Icicle Radish – Slender roots that are 4″ to 5″ long. Skin is white, crisp and tender. (30 days)
  Plant 5–6 weeks before frost

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Zones 3–4 (Short Season, Early Frosts)

Choose the fastest-maturing radishes for your region and plant early enough to beat hard frosts. Use row covers if needed to protect roots as temperatures drop.

• Champion Radish – Champion has a round scarlet red root that grows to a good size with flesh that is firm, crisp and white. Excellent for early or late sowings. (28 days) Plant 5–6 weeks before frost
• Cherry Belle Radish – Cherry Belle has round globe-shaped roots that are bright red in color. Flesh is crisp, firm and white. (21 days) Plant 4–5 weeks before frost
• Crimson Giant Radish – Crimson Giant has roots that measure 1″ to 1.5″ long. Roots are red with crisp, firm, and white flesh. (30 days) Plant 5–6 weeks before frost
• Early Scarlet Globe Radish – Early Scarlet Globe has round to globe-shaped roots that are bright red in color. (23 days)
  Plant 4–5 weeks before frost
• Easter Egg Radish – A multicolored radish blend that adds beautiful color to salads and dishes. Has red, pink, purple, and white colors with crisp, firm and white flesh. (28 days) Plant 5–6 weeks before frost
• French Breakfast Radish – Scarlet-colored root with a white tip that is oblong in shape. Roots grow to ¾″ wide and 2″ to 3″ long. (24 days) Plant 4–5 weeks before frost
• German Giant Radish – Grows to the size of a baseball. Bright red and remains crisp with no cracking. (29 days)
  Plant 5–6 weeks before frost
• Watermelon Radish – White-skinned with green shoulders. Flesh is red to pink and very sweet & crisp. (60 days)
  Plant 9–10 weeks before frost
• White Icicle Radish – Slender roots that are 4″ to 5″ long. Skin is white, crisp and tender. (30 days)
  Plant 5–6 weeks before frost

Rutabagas:

Rutabagas are a classic fall garden crop, producing dense, sweet roots that improve in flavor after a frost. They take longer to mature than most root vegetables, so early fall planting is essential in colder zones. The varieties below are grouped by USDA zone with planting times based on maturity and fall performance.

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Zones 7–10 (Mild Fall, Light Frosts)

Rutabagas thrive in cool autumn weather and are less likely to bolt in fall than in spring. These mild climates allow for larger roots and longer harvest windows.

• American Purple Top Rutabaga – American Purple Top Open Pollinated Rutabaga have huge round yellow roots with a rich purple crown. American Purple Top Rutabaga is firm, sweet, and has a good flavor. The flesh turns orange when cooked. (90 days) Plant 10–11 weeks before frost
• Laurentian Rutabaga – Laurentian is an Improved American Purple Top Strain with creamy yellow globe roots that are deep purplish red above ground. Almost neckless with 4″ to 6″ roots that are uniform, mild, firm, and have a good flavor. (90 days) Plant 10–11 weeks before frost

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Zones 5–6 (Cold Fall, Moderate to Hard Frosts)

Cool-season zones are ideal for fall garden staples like rutabagas, which develop their best flavor in cold soil. Start early and allow enough time for full root development before the ground freezes.

• American Purple Top Rutabaga – American Purple Top Open Pollinated Rutabaga have huge round yellow roots with a rich purple crown. American Purple Top Rutabaga is firm, sweet, and has a good flavor. The flesh turns orange when cooked. (90 days) Plant 10–11 weeks before frost
• Laurentian Rutabaga – Laurentian is an Improved American Purple Top Strain with creamy yellow globe roots that are deep purplish red above ground. Almost neckless with 4″ to 6″ roots that are uniform, mild, firm, and have a good flavor. (90 days) Plant 10–11 weeks before frost

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Zones 3–4 (Short Season, Early Frosts)

Rutabagas are possible in cold zones if planted early enough. Choose well-drained soil, sow in midsummer, and protect seedlings from heat until fall sets in.

• American Purple Top Rutabaga – American Purple Top Open Pollinated Rutabaga have huge round yellow roots with a rich purple crown. American Purple Top Rutabaga is firm, sweet, and has a good flavor. The flesh turns orange when cooked. (90 days) Plant 10–11 weeks before frost
• Laurentian Rutabaga – Laurentian is an Improved American Purple Top Strain with creamy yellow globe roots that are deep purplish red above ground. Almost neckless with 4″ to 6″ roots that are uniform, mild, firm, and have a good flavor. (90 days) Plant 10–11 weeks before frost

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Cool-Weather Legumes

These legumes are quick to mature and are often perfect for a final planting window before frost. Keep an eye on your local forecast and avoid planting too close to your region’s average first frost date. Beans in particular are sensitive to cold, so choose early-maturing varieties and consider row covers if nights cool quickly. Peas can tolerate some light frost, but grow best in mild temperatures—not during extreme heat or when it’s freezing cold. These varieties make a great way to get the very last bit out of your fall garden for the season and even build up your winter stock!

Peas:

Peas and southern cowpeas are an excellent addition to the fall garden, especially in regions with mild or long autumns. Choose quick-maturing varieties for shorter seasons and heat-tolerant types for southern gardens. Fall-grown peas often have sweeter flavor, while cowpeas thrive in lingering warmth.

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Zones 7–10 (Warm Fall, Long Season)

Fall peas thrive in areas with warm days and cool nights. Cowpeas continue producing late into the season in southern climates.

• Early Frosty Pea – A dependable, cold-tolerant variety that produces uniform, sweet pods on compact vines. A favorite for early or fall sowings. (60 days) Plant 9–10 weeks before frost
• Progress #9 Pea – Bushy, compact plants yield plump shelling peas with excellent flavor and texture. A reliable choice for small gardens. (60 days) Plant 9–10 weeks before frost
• Cascadia Pea – Snap pea with sweet, crunchy pods. Vigorous vines are mildew-resistant and perform well in fall. Ideal for fresh eating or light cooking. (65 days) Plant 10–11 weeks before frost
• Sugar Ann Pea – Dwarf snap pea that needs no trellising. Early and productive, with crisp, sweet pods that mature fast. (56 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Oregon Sugar Pod II – Flat snow pea pods with excellent sweetness and texture. Strong resistance to common pea diseases. (65 days) Plant 10–11 weeks before frost
• Mammoth Melting Sugar Pea – Large vines bear large, tender snow peas. Flavorful and prolific with long harvest window. (70 days) Plant 10–11 weeks before frost
• California Blackeye #5 Cowpea – Classic Southern cowpea with creamy, firm peas and black eyes. Heat- and drought-tolerant, with strong yields. (65 days) Plant 10–11 weeks before frost
• Purple Hull Pinkeye Cowpea – Vigorous plants with rich flavor and high yields of pink-eyed peas. Popular for canning, freezing, or fresh shelling. (65 days) Plant 10–11 weeks before frost

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Zones 5–6 (Moderate Fall, Some Frost)

Quick-maturing peas are a great addition to the fall garden, growing well before frost. Choose bush types or early vines, and harvest just before or after light frosts for best flavor.

• Early Alaska Pea – One of the earliest shelling peas, known for reliability and sweet flavor in cool soils. Short vines, early yields. (55 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Early Frosty Pea – Cold-hardy variety with sweet, tender pods. Good for short seasons or second plantings. (60 days) Plant 9–10 weeks before frost
• Progress #9 Pea – Sturdy, compact variety with sweet, full-size peas. Ideal for limited space and consistent fall yields. (60 days) Plant 9–10 weeks before frost
• Cascadia Pea – Mildew-resistant snap pea with sweet, crunchy pods. Strong performer even as days shorten. (65 days) Plant 10–11 weeks before frost
• Sugar Ann Pea – Quick-growing dwarf pea that produces early, crisp pods. No trellis needed. (56 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Oregon Sugar Pod II – Flat snow peas with tender pods and good flavor. Disease-resistant and dependable. (65 days) Plant 10–11 weeks before frost

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Zones 3–4 (Short Season, Early Frost)

To get the most from your fall garden, choose fast-maturing varieties and plant early to stay ahead of hard frosts. Floating row covers can help extend the harvest window.

• Early Alaska Pea – Cold-tolerant and fast to mature, this heirloom shelling pea is a proven performer in short seasons. (55 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Early Frosty Pea – Bred for cooler climates, this variety handles chilly nights and delivers sweet, uniform pods. (60 days) Plant 9–10 weeks before frost
• Progress #9 Pea – Compact, productive, and early enough for northern fall gardens. Great for small beds. (60 days) Plant 9–10 weeks before frost
• Sugar Ann Pea – Matures quickly and offers great yields without needing support. Sweet pods are ideal for crisp fall salads. (56 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost

Beans:

Beans—whether snap, dry, or lima—can be productive fall crops when timed right. Bush types and early-maturing pole varieties are best for quick harvests before frost. Dry and lima beans need longer seasons, but some handle fall surprisingly well when planted in mid to late summer.

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Zones 7–10 (Warm Fall, Long Season)

These varieties thrive in regions with warm days and late frost. Sow in mid to late summer for an abundant harvest into fall.

• Provider Bush Bean – One of the most dependable bush beans for fall, with early yields, disease resistance, and rich flavor. (50 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Blue Lake Bush 274 – Reliable, stringless bush bean with rich taste and heavy yield. Excellent fresh or frozen. (55–60 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Strike Bush Bean – Fast, uniform harvests and disease resistance make it a solid fall choice. Compact and easy to grow. (52 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Tendergreen Improved Bush Bean – Vigorous, heat-tolerant bush bean with tender pods and rich flavor. (50–55 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Christmas Lima Bean – Large, buttery-flavored lima bean ideal for warm fall gardens with a long season. (75–90 days) Plant 10–11 weeks before frost
• Fordhook 242 Lima Bean – Compact lima bean for fall harvests, with large pods and smooth texture. (75 days) Plant 10 weeks before frost
• Dragon’s Tongue Wax Bean – Unique appearance with rich flavor and versatility. Great raw, cooked, or pickled. (60 days) Plant 9 weeks before frost
• Golden Wax Bean – Classic wax bean with buttery flavor and excellent yield. Adapts well to fall planting. (55–60 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost

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Zones 5–6 (Moderate Fall, Some Frost)

For a successful fall garden, choose quick bush beans and short-season types. Fall beans must mature before the first hard frost, often by early October.

• Provider Bush Bean – One of the most dependable bush beans for fall, with early yields, disease resistance, and rich flavor. (50 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Strike Bush Bean – Fast, uniform harvests and disease resistance make it a solid fall choice. Compact and easy to grow. (52 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Contender Bush Bean – Dependable heirloom that yields well in cool soil and shorter days. (50–55 days) Plant 7–8 weeks before frost
• Tendergreen Improved Bush Bean – Fast, flavorful, and adaptable. A go-to for late season planting. (50–55 days) Plant 7–8 weeks before frost
• Jade Bush Bean – Dark green pods on upright plants. Heat-tolerant but still does well in cooling fall weather. (60 days) Plant 7 weeks before frost
• Royal Burgundy Bush Bean – Attractive purple pods with strong performance in cool soil. (55 days) Plant 7–8 weeks before frost
• Golden Wax Bean – Reliable yellow wax bean that performs well in short seasons. (55–60 days) Plant 7–8 weeks before frost

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Zones 3–4 (Short Season, Early Frost)

Fast-maturing bush beans are your best bet. Plant early and protect from frost if needed.

• Provider Bush Bean – One of the most dependable bush beans for fall, with early yields, disease resistance, and rich flavor. (50 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Contender Bush Bean – Dependable heirloom that yields well in cool soil and shorter days. (50–55 days) Plant 7–8 weeks before frost
• Royal Burgundy Bush Bean – Attractive purple pods with strong performance in cool soil. (55 days) Plant 7–8 weeks before frost
• Strike Bush Bean – Fast, uniform harvests and disease resistance make it a solid fall choice. Compact and easy to grow. (52 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost

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Chard, Kohlrabi, and More

These lesser-known crops grow surprisingly well in the cooler temperatures of fall and are packed with flavor and nutrients. Even if they’re not as familiar, they’re easy to grow and a great way to add variety to your meals. Try one or two in your fall garden this season—you might be surprised how much you enjoy them!

Swiss Chard:

Swiss chard is a reliable and ornamental green for fall gardens. It thrives in cooler temperatures, becomes sweeter after light frost, and tolerates moderate heat, making it suitable for extended harvests in many regions. Sow in late summer for baby leaves or full-size stalks into fall and early winter.

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Zones 7–10 (Warm Fall, Long Season)

Chard thrives here with staggered sowings. Choose colorful types for ornamental beds or vigorous strains for steady harvests into winter.

• Fordhook Giant – Big, vigorous plants with thick, white stalks and large, dark leaves. Excellent productivity and strong heat tolerance. (55 days) Plant 9–10 weeks before frost
• Lucullus – Non-bolting heirloom with white midribs and broad, crinkled green leaves. Very heat tolerant and reliable from summer into fall. (50 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Magenta Sunset – Stunning pink-stalked chard that handles heat better than most colored types. Very tender with mild flavor. (35–60 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Canary – Bright yellow stems and glossy green leaves. Gorgeous color for fall beds, with solid productivity and good flavor. (30–60 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost

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Zones 5–6 (Moderate Fall, Some Frost)

Swiss chard is a perfect fit for the fall garden—it resists frost, keeps growing until a hard freeze, and can even be overwintered with protection in mild winters.

• Fordhook Giant – Excellent cool-weather performer with big yields and rich flavor. Very hardy. (55 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Rainbow Mix – Colorful mix including Ruby Red, Golden Sunrise, White Cloud, and others. Great for baby greens or mature stalks. (55 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Ruby Red – Beautiful crimson stems with dark green leaves. Great for fall harvests with ornamental flair. (35–60 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• White Cloud – Bright white stalks and tender green leaves. Mild, crunchy, and frost-tolerant. (35–60 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost

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Zones 3–4 (Short Season, Early Frost)

Swiss chard can still be grown here in fall with early sowing. Use row covers to extend harvest into colder nights. Choose vigorous or baby-leaf types.

• Fordhook Giant – The best choice for cold hardiness and strong growth even as days shorten. (55 days) Plant 7–8 weeks before frost
• Rainbow Mix – Harvest early for tender baby chard or protect mature plants from early frost. Cold-tolerant and striking in color. (55 days) Plant 7–8 weeks before frost
• Ruby Red – Bold color, good frost resistance, and mild flavor make it a standout in northern fall gardens. (35–60 days) Plant 7–8 weeks before frost

Kohlrabi:

Kohlrabi is a cool-season crop perfect for the fall garden. Its tender, crisp bulbs develop best in cooler temperatures and can tolerate light frosts. Early-maturing varieties are ideal for fall succession planting, with harvests just before or after first frost.

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Zones 7–10 (Mild Fall, Light Frosts)

Fall kohlrabi thrives in cooler late-summer weather. Succession sow every 2–3 weeks for staggered harvests.

• Early Purple Vienna – Reddish-purple bulbs with tender white flesh. Mild, nutty flavor. A beautiful, slightly more cold-hardy option. (60 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Early White Vienna – Pale green bulbs with crisp white flesh. Uniform, quick-maturing, and a long-standing favorite for fall gardens. (56 days) Plant 7–8 weeks before frost

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Zones 5–6 (Cool Fall, Moderate Frosts)

Quick-growing kohlrabi does well in fall here, especially when planted in late summer.

• Early Purple Vienna – Does well in cooler nights, with slightly more cold resistance. Beautiful bulbs and sweet flavor. (60 days) Plant 7–8 weeks before frost
• Early White Vienna – Fast-growing with a mild flavor. Performs reliably in cooling conditions. (56 days) Plant 6–7 weeks before frost

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Zones 3–4 (Short Season, Early Frost)

To make the most of a fall garden, plant early and use row covers to extend your harvest. These compact varieties are ideal for short growing windows.

• Early Purple Vienna – Slightly slower to mature, but offers good flavor and frost tolerance. Best if planted early. (60 days) Plant 7–8 weeks before frost
• Early White Vienna – A great choice for short seasons. Matures quickly and holds well in chilly weather. (56 days) Plant 6–7 weeks before frost

Collards:

Collards are a fall garden staple, known for their frost tolerance, vigor, and delicious flavor. The leaves become sweeter after a light frost and can hold up to cold weather far better than most greens. Sow in mid to late summer for tender young leaves or full-size harvests into late fall and early winter.

Zones 7–10 (Warm Fall, Long Season)
Collards thrive in warm autumns, producing large, tender leaves well into winter. Choose vigorous, heat-tolerant varieties for an extended harvest.

• Champion – Fast-growing, frost-hardy plants with large, dark green crumpled leaves and a mild cabbage-like flavor. Great for fall or winter greens. (75 days) Plant 9–10 weeks before frost
• Georgia – Southern classic with tall plants and crumpled leaves. Exceptionally hardy and ideal for mild winters or late-season harvests. (80 days) Plant 9–10 weeks before frost
• Morris Heading – Compact, cabbage-like heads with a rich, slightly sweet flavor. (70–90 days) Plant 10–11 weeks before frost

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Zones 5–6 (Moderate Fall, Some Frost)
Collards are a standout in the fall garden, thriving in cooler conditions. Choose hardy types that withstand light frosts and keep growing into early winter.

• Vates – Non-heading type with dark green leaves and strong frost resistance. Upright growth and large leaves make it a reliable fall variety. (75 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Champion – Vigorous, cold-hardy collard that thrives in cool weather and provides steady harvests. (75 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
• Morris Heading – Hardy and flavorful, with tight, broad leaves that hold well during cooler nights. (70–90 days) Plant 9–10 weeks before frost

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Zones 3–4 (Short Season, Early Frost)
Choose the hardiest collards and sow early to get strong growth before the first freeze. Floating row covers help extend the harvest window.

• Vates – Cold-tolerant variety with upright, spreading plants and sweet, crumpled leaves. Performs well even in northern climates. (75 days) Plant 7–8 weeks before frost
• Champion – One of the best collards for cold resistance, offering high yields and dependable performance in short seasons. (75 days) Plant 7–8 weeks before frost

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Herbs for a Fall Garden

Many herbs grow best in the cooler temperatures of fall and are perfect for planting in late summer. Cilantro and parsley, for example, thrive in fall conditions and tolerate light frosts, while chives and dill can be started in trays and transplanted as the temperatures begin to drop. These herbs are a great fit for any fall garden. Just be sure to give herbs regular water, good drainage, and good sunlight as the days shorten. A little protection from early frost—like a row cover—can help keep them productive right into the cold season.

Zones 7–10 (Warm Fall, Long Season)

These herbs grow vigorously through warm autumns. Choose fast-maturing types for cut-and-come-again harvests, or slower types for full-leaf bunches well into winter.

•     Plain Leaf Parsley – Flat-leaf variety with bold flavor and upright growth. Quick to mature and slow to bolt in fall. (40–75 days) Plant 9–10 weeks before frost
•     Moss Curled Parsley – Compact plants with finely curled leaves and excellent frost tolerance. (75–85 days) Plant 10–11 weeks before frost
•     Triple Curled Parsley – Dense, frilly foliage and good fall performance. Great for garnish or fresh use. (70–75 days) Plant 9–10 weeks before frost
•     Slow Bolt Cilantro – A strain selected for reduced bolting; thrives in cool weather and holds longer than standard types. (45–70 days) Plant 7–9 weeks before frost
•     Chervil – Mild and sweet with a hint of anise. Grows quickly in cool weather. (30–60 days) Plant 6–8 weeks before frost
•     Garden Cress – Spicy and quick to mature. Ideal for repeated sowings into fall. (15–25 days) Plant 4–8 weeks before frost
•     Salad Burnet – Tender, cucumber-flavored leaves. Harvest baby leaves from a fall sowing. (50–60 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
•     Sorrel – Tart, lemony flavor and excellent regrowth. Suitable for fall and winter use. (40–60 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost

Zones 5–6 (Moderate Fall, Some Frost)

These herbs are well-suited to the fall garden, thriving in cool temperatures and tolerating light frosts. Choose compact, fast-maturing types and use row covers to extend the harvest if needed.

•     Plain Leaf Parsley – Fast-growing and cold-hardy. Great for fresh use or drying. (40–75 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
•     Moss Curled Parsley – Slow to bolt and holds well through frosts. Compact and tidy. (75–85 days) Plant 9–10 weeks before frost
•     Triple Curled Parsley – Cold-hardy and flavorful, with densely curled leaves. (70–75 days) Plant 8–9 weeks before frost
•     Slow Bolt Cilantro – Selected for cool-season planting; holds longer before flowering. (45–70 days) Plant 7–8 weeks before frost
•     Garden Cress – Quick and easy cool-weather green. Sow in short intervals for continuous harvest. (15–25 days) Plant 4–6 weeks before frost
• Sorrel – Hardy leafy green with bright, lemony flavor. Good for fresh or cooked use. (40–60 days) Plant 7–8 weeks before frost.

Zones 3–4 (Short Season, Early Frost)

Choose only the fastest or hardiest varieties. Sow early and use floating row covers to protect young plants from early freezes.

•     Moss Curled Parsley – Very cold-tolerant and reliable for late-season harvests. (75–85 days) Plant 8 weeks before frost
•     Triple Curled Parsley – Compact and cold-hardy. Use as a fresh garnish into early frost. (70–75 days) Plant 7–8 weeks before frost
•     Chervil – Quick-growing and surprisingly frost-tolerant. (30–60 days) Plant 5–6 weeks before frost
•     Garden Cress – Lightning-fast growth. Cut young for tender leaves. (15–25 days) Plant 3–5 weeks before frost
• Sorrel – Grows well in cool weather and may overwinter in protected beds. (40–60 days) Plant 6–7 weeks before frost

Site Preparation: Setting the Stage for Fall Garden Success

Before you sow a single seed, take time to get your fall garden beds ready. A little preparation now gives fall crops a strong start and saves you time later. Begin by clearing out any spent summer crops, weeds, and leftover debris. Pull up old plants, and make sure to toss any diseased material in the trash or a hot compost pile—don’t risk spreading problems by composting it cold.

Next, loosen the soil down to 6–8 inches. You can use a garden fork, broadfork, or a tiller for bigger areas. Just be careful not to work the soil if it’s soggy or heavy clay, as that can make it clumpy and hard. Fall crops like soil that’s loose and drains well. If the surface has become crusty from summer heat, break it up a little to help water soak in and roots grow easier.

Mix in 1–2 inches of compost or well-aged manure to give the soil a fresh boost. This helps feed your fall plants and also improves how the soil holds water and drains. If you use manure, make sure it’s fully composted—fresh manure can burn seedlings and harm the soil’s good microbes.

Depending on your soil, you might also sprinkle on a balanced organic fertilizer. Just go easy with nitrogen on leafy crops like lettuce or spinach—they might grow too fast and bolt if it’s still hot.

Finally, smooth out the surface with a rake, water the bed thoroughly, and let it rest for a day or two before planting. These simple steps help create a healthy foundation for your fall garden.

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Fall Garden Seedling Care and Common Challenges

As summer fades and fall approaches, your seedlings will need a bit of extra care to thrive. Start by keeping them well-watered during the hot spells of late summer—especially just after transplanting. Shade cloth or a floating row cover can offer some relief from intense sun and drying winds while young plants establish. As the days grow shorter and cooler, gradually remove shade so seedlings can adapt to the cooler weather.

Mulch is especially helpful during this time in the fall garden, helping to conserve soil moisture and buffer against temperature fluctuation. Some crops, especially brassicas or herbs like parsley, may benefit from being started indoors in trays and then transplanted outdoors once the hottest part of summer has passed. This gives them a stronger head start and reduces the risk of heat stress. Be sure to harden off indoor seedlings before transplanting by gradually introducing them to outdoor conditions over the course of 5–7 days—start with a couple hours of shade and slowly increase exposure to sunlight and breeze.

Though fall gardens often face fewer pest issues than spring, they’re not entirely problem-free. Aphids, cabbage worms, and flea beetles may still attack cold loving brassicas and quick growing greens. Use floating row covers early to protect vulnerable seedlings. As moisture increases with cooler weather, slugs may also appear—especially in mulched beds. Try shallow beer traps (though note: these can pose a hazard to pets if left uncovered), hand-picking, or natural deterrents like crushed eggshells, diatomaceous earth (note: while food-grade DE is generally safe, it can irritate lungs if inhaled—use caution when applying and avoid windy days), or even strips of copper.

Copper strips can be an effective barrier against slugs and snails. When their moist bodies touch the copper, it can create a mild electric charge that repels them. For best results, use clean copper tape or mesh strips at least 1.5–2 inches wide and ensure they’re free of oxidation or dirt, which can reduce effectiveness. Note that copper acts as a barrier, not a cure—it won’t remove pests already inside a fall garden.

Keep an eye on your seedlings during warm-to-cool transitions. Growth may slow temporarily, but that’s normal—especially for crops like kale, carrots, and lettuce, which tend to improve in flavor with cool weather. Stay patient, observe your fall garden daily, and adjust care as the season evolves. A little extra attention during late summer will help your plants thrive as fall settles in.

Final Thoughts on a Fall Garden

Fall gardening isn’t just a second chance—it’s a easy, rewarding way to keep fresh food on your table longer. With the right timing, good seed choices, and a little planning, your fall garden can carry you well into the cooler months. Whether you’re sowing quick greens or starting transplants for fall brassicas, it’s not too late to get growing. Browse our full selection of heirloom seeds and make this fall garden your most productive yet!

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